Beavers and 17th Century map makers share incredible abilities!

Archie Ruggles-Brise • 9 December 2024

By Sarah Brockless (Estate Ecologist) 9th December 2024

Some time ago, I discovered that several of my ancestors were cartographers and engineers. It was actually a relief to finally understand why I had always been fascinated by maps and land, often striding that extra mile to see what was around the corner, or over the next hill, often to the frustration of my accompanying family or friends, who would rather go in the direction of the local hostelry! That said, I have been known to plan my route between tea rooms during some expeditions!


Without me realising, my genetic make-up has shaped my life in farming and conservation, definitely not a path that anyone in my family, or indeed my school careers advisor, predicted I would take. I  always feel like a detective when exploring land, looking for clues both past and present.  Even with the amazing technology we now have at our fingertips, such as Google Earth, there is no substitute for also seeing and walking the land to really begin to understand the detail. Only with that detail can we start to practically consider the current and future land management.


Luckily for me, I’m in my natural habitat, having ended up on an Estate that has a great selection of historic maps, the oldest dated 1618, being hand-drawn by Pope on hand-stitched together vellum. When a photo of this map is overlaid onto Google Earth, it is almost an exact match. I find this completely extraordinary that such accuracy could be achieved over four hundred years ago.


Of course, four hundred years ago, Pope would probably have encountered beavers during his mapping expeditions across Spains Hall Estate. As I marked out a woodland creation project the other day using a hand-held Trimble GPS with an accuracy down to a few centimetres thanks to the use of satellites, I was contemplating how Pope and my ancestors would probably relish these advances in technology, and also, like me, have a great respect for the surveying and engineering abilities of our beaver family in the adjacent river valley. I’ve never seen a beaver holding a map or surveying tools, but their ability to read the landscape is second to none. 


Before the Finchingfield Brook beavers were released in March 2023, I mapped the low ways and a point where the brook, despite its over-deepened profile, over-topped into the floodplain during winter high rainfall periods. By the summer of 2023, a dam had been constructed exactly where the brook had previously over-topped during the winter months. The beavers knew exactly where to locate a dam to best effect. Their genetic make up seems to guide them. 


Since their release, dams have systematically been constructed along the brook, with the beavers initial constructions being reinforced this summer in readiness for the high rainfall events of the following months. Not only are the chosen locations well-considered, but their construction an engineering triumph. 


The brook has been so over-deepened over many decades that the constructed dams have to be of a significant scale to function. Whilst I’m not quite a willowy linear measuring stick shape, I am a handy 1.50metres tall (or short depending upon your perspective!) which makes me an ideal scale rule for dam measuring as you can see in the photo.


This particular dam is the most recent engineering project the beavers have undertaken, and at the moment very obvious. By next summer, it will be green with establishing plants both within the dam and on the top, effectively disguising much of the structure, in addition to strengthening it further. 


The dam is ideally placed to enable the pool created behind it to flow out into a low way within the adjacent field, avoiding the bank created by past dredging directly adjacent to the brook and disconnecting the brook from the floodplain. 


I now expect the plant diversity to rapidly increase next spring and summer, as the water table rises. Where a parallel channel to the brook was created last winter in another field, it has already transformed the botanical element, enabling it to be colonised by groundhoppers and grass hoppers that prefer damp grassland interspersed with bare muddy areas to complete their life cycles, even at this early stage of succession.


The three kits born this summer to this industrious pair of beavers, will not only have their genetic make-up to guide them, but also their parents, who nurture and teach the kits skills such as dam building and lodge construction in those early years of life. I was watching a kit this summer wrestling, unsuccessfully, with a piece of Willow out in the open water. When mum arrived with a larger piece of Willow, the kit joined her at the pool edge, and effectively copied its mum’s technique and subsequently managing to feed itself. 


Like the kits, I was nurtured by my parents, being encouraged to follow my instincts, but also develop skills that would sustain me through life, such as cooking healthy meals and baking, and a career in farming and conservation. 


How similar we are to beavers! 

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